Snažte se použít volbu která integrál zjednoduší. Pokud se Vám to nepodaří, tak se můžete vrátit libovolný počet kroků zpět pomocí tlačítka "Zpět" ve Vašem prohlížeči. Můžete se také vrátit přímo do úvodního formuláře
V libovolném okamžiku si také můžete nechat integrál dopočítat počítačem. Tuto volbu však moc nepoužívejte, protože se tím nic nenaučíte. Použijte ji až v okamžiku, kdy na zintegrování stačí základní vzorce.
Otazníky |?| za funkcemi zpřístupňují náhled, co dostanete po dané úpravě. Přemístěte kurzor nad tento objekt a chvíli počkejte.
Na případné nekorektní chování aplikace nás prosím upozorněte, děkujeme.
Integrujeme
Náš tip: (Návrhy sestavené na základě několika automatických heuristických testů. Nesnažte se slepě poslouchat tyto rady (někdy nejsou optimální) a raději používejte své nápady.)
rozložit na parciální zlomky
Computing time: 3.605 Maxima time: 3.37233304977 s in 4 Maxima calls (0 computations from cache).
MAW Maxima session: initial call - pass function through MaximaTime 0.467127799988
Maxima 5.13.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
Using Lisp GNU Common Lisp (GCL) GCL 2.6.7 (aka GCL)
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
This is a development version of Maxima. The function bug_report()
provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) block(load(functs), load(linearalgebra), maw_var : x, maw_var_ori : x,
load(/var/www/maw/integral/matchint_short.mac), pfeformat : true)
(%i2) (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
(%o2) (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
(%i3) tex(%,false)
(%o3) \$\{\{x\^2\+x\+1\}\\over\{x\^3\+x\}\}\$\$\
MAW Maxima session: Results of suggested substitutionsTime 0.883335113525
Maxima 5.13.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
Using Lisp GNU Common Lisp (GCL) GCL 2.6.7 (aka GCL)
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
This is a development version of Maxima. The function bug_report()
provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) block(load(functs), load(linearalgebra), maw_var : x, maw_var_ori : x,
load(/var/www/maw/integral/matchint_short.mac), pfeformat : true,
2
x + x + 1
print(elapsed_run_time()), if not atom(----------)
3
x + x
2 2
x + x + 1 x + x + 1
then (if length(args(----------)) > 1 then print(#, op(----------), #)
3 3
x + x x + x
2 2
x + x + 1 x + x + 1
else (if op(----------) = op(- maw_b) and not atom(args(----------) )
3 3 1
x + x x + x
2
x + x + 1
then print(#, op(args(----------) ), #))), print(elapsed_run_time()))
3 1
x + x
0.17
# // #
0.17
(%i2) (assume_pos:true,load("/var/www/maw/common/changevar2.mac"),
try_substitutions(expr):=trigexpand(
rootscontract((savelogarc:logarc,logarc:false,
A
:diff(
changevar2(
'integrate((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x),x),
expr,t,x),t),logarc:savelogarc,
A))),tem:map(try_substitutions,[]),
maw_print_one_try(tex(tem,false),substresults))
TeX substresults $$\mbox{{}$$\left[ \right] $$
{}}$$
XeT
(%o2) "XeT"
(%i3) (print(elapsed_run_time()),tex(%,false))
0.18
(%o3) \$\\mbox\{\{\}XeT\{\}\}\$\$\
MAW Maxima session: looking which algebraic modification changes the functionTime 0.78151011467
Maxima 5.13.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
Using Lisp GNU Common Lisp (GCL) GCL 2.6.7 (aka GCL)
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
This is a development version of Maxima. The function bug_report()
provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) block(load(functs), load(linearalgebra), maw_var : x, maw_var_ori : x,
load(/var/www/maw/integral/matchint_short.mac), pfeformat : true,
2
x + x + 1
print(elapsed_run_time()), if not atom(----------)
3
x + x
2 2
x + x + 1 x + x + 1
then (if length(args(----------)) > 1 then print(#, op(----------), #)
3 3
x + x x + x
2 2
x + x + 1 x + x + 1
else (if op(----------) = op(- maw_b) and not atom(args(----------) )
3 3 1
x + x x + x
2
x + x + 1
then print(#, op(args(----------) ), #))), print(elapsed_run_time()))
3 1
x + x
0.15
# // #
0.15
(%i2) (outf:[],add(f):=(print(f),outf:append(outf,[f])),
if expand((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x) then add(expand),
if factor((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x) then add(factor),
if fullratsimp((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
then add(fullratsimp),
if ratsimp((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x) then add(ratsimp),
if xthru((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x) then add(xthru),
if radcan((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x) then add(radcan),
if logarc((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x) then add(logarc_),
if rootscontract((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)) # (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
then add(rootscontract),errcatch(try_functions((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))),
outf)
expand
factor
TeX sq1 $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX spl $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX sq2 $${{x^2+x+1}\over{\sqrt{x^6+2\,x^4+x^2}}}$$
XeT
TeX expand $${{x^2}\over{x^3+x}}+{{x}\over{x^3+x}}+{{1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX factor $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x\,\left(x^2+1\right)}}$$
XeT
TeX fullratsimp $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX mapfullratsimp $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX xthru $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX mapxthru $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX radcan $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX logarc_ $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX rootscontract $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX logcontract $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX trigsimp $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX trigreduce $${{1}\over{x^3+x}}+{{x}\over{x^2+1}}+{{1}\over{x^2+1}}$$
XeT
TeX trigexp $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX sin2cos $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX cos2sin $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX seccsc $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX divide $${{x^2+x+1}\over{x^3+x}}$$
XeT
TeX partfrac $${{1}\over{x^2+1}}+{{1}\over{x}}$$
XeT
(%o2) [expand,factor]
(%i3) (print(elapsed_run_time()),tex(%,false))
0.19
(%o3) \$\\left\[\ \{\\it\ expand\}\ \,\ \{\\it\ factor\}\ \\right\]\ \$\$\
MAW Maxima session: === looking for hints === Time 1.24036002159
Maxima 5.13.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
Using Lisp GNU Common Lisp (GCL) GCL 2.6.7 (aka GCL)
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
This is a development version of Maxima. The function bug_report()
provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) (load(functs), load(linearalgebra), maw_var : x, maw_var_ori : x)
(%o1) x
(%i2) load(/var/www/maw/integral/matchint.mac)
FOUND: root of maw_p exponent abs(h)
(%o2) ?\/var\/www\/maw\/integral\/matchint\.mac
(%i3) simp:false
(%o3) false
(%i4) logabs:false
(%o4) false
(%i5) test_fprime_over_f((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
(%o5) false
(%i6) simp:true
(%o6) true
(%i7) testpart(factor((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)))
(%o7) false
(%i8) testrlf((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
#### testrlf
(%o8) true
(%i9) testrlfimproper((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
(%o9) false
(%i10) testmultiple((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
#### constmul 1
#### constmul 1
(%o10) 1
(%i11) testformula((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
(%o11) false
(%i12) test_expand_into_formulas((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
silent testformula 7
(%o12) false
(%i13) testsubst((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
***** looking for sine a cosine
***** looking for log and atan
***** looking for root
exponent 1
set of bases: {}
***** looking for root with rootscontract
exponent 1
set of bases: {}
***** looking for R(sin(x),cos(x))
***** looking for powers
FOUND: power of x (exponent 2 ) in function (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
MAW comment: Trying x^2 = new_maw_var in integral of (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
changevar2: using plain changevar
result after substitution: -(-new_maw_var+sqrt(new_maw_var)-1)/(2*new_maw_var^2+2*new_maw_var)
false
FOUND: power of x^3+x (exponent -1 ) in function (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
MAW comment: Trying x^3+x = new_maw_var in integral of (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
changevar2: using plain changevar
result after substitution: (((19683*2^(1/3)*%i-6561*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var^5
+sqrt(27*new_maw_var^2+4)*((2187*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-2187*2^(1/3))
*new_maw_var^4
+(486*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-486*2^(1/3))*new_maw_var^3
+(324*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-324*2^(1/3))*new_maw_var^2
+(54*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-54*2^(1/3))*new_maw_var
+6*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-6*2^(1/3))
+(4374*2^(1/3)*%i-1458*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var^4
+(4374*2^(1/3)*%i-1458*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var^3
+(810*2^(1/3)*%i-270*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var^2
+(216*2^(1/3)*%i-72*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var+24*2^(1/3)*%i
-8*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))
*(sqrt(27*new_maw_var^2+4)+3*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var)^(2/3)
+((-13122*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-13122*2^(2/3))*new_maw_var^5
+sqrt(27*new_maw_var^2+4)*((-4374*2^(2/3)*%i-1458*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^4
+(729*2^(2/3)*%i+243*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^3
+(-648*2^(2/3)*%i-216*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^2
+(81*2^(2/3)*%i+27*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var
-12*2^(2/3)*%i-4*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
+(2187*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i+2187*2^(2/3))*new_maw_var^4
+(-2916*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-2916*2^(2/3))*new_maw_var^3
+(405*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i+405*2^(2/3))*new_maw_var^2
+(-144*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-144*2^(2/3))*new_maw_var+12*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
+12*2^(2/3))
*(sqrt(27*new_maw_var^2+4)+3*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var)^(1/3)
+78732*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^6
+sqrt(27*new_maw_var^2+4)*(26244*new_maw_var^5+5832*new_maw_var^3
+288*new_maw_var)
+23328*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^4+1944*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^2+32*sqrt(3))
/(236196*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^7+sqrt(27*new_maw_var^2+4)
*(78732*new_maw_var^6+17496*new_maw_var^4
+864*new_maw_var^2)
+69984*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^5
+5832*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^3
+96*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var)
MAW comment: Trying 1/(x^3+x) = new_maw_var in integral of (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
changevar2: using plain changevar
result after substitution: -(32*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^6+(sqrt(4*new_maw_var^2+27)+3*sqrt(3))^(1/3)
*(new_maw_var^(2/3)
*((12*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i+12*2^(2/3))*new_maw_var^5
+(-144*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-144*2^(2/3))
*new_maw_var^4
+(405*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i+405*2^(2/3))
*new_maw_var^3
+(-2916*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i-2916*2^(2/3))
*new_maw_var^2
+(2187*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i+2187*2^(2/3))
*new_maw_var-13122*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
-13122*2^(2/3))
+new_maw_var^(2/3)*sqrt(4*new_maw_var^2+27)
*((-12*2^(2/3)*%i
-4*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^4
+(81*2^(2/3)*%i
+27*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^3
+(-648*2^(2/3)*%i
-216*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^2
+(729*2^(2/3)*%i
+243*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var-4374*2^(2/3)*%i
-1458*2^(2/3)*sqrt(3)))
+(sqrt(4*new_maw_var^2+27)+3*sqrt(3))^(2/3)
*(new_maw_var^(1/3)
*((24*2^(1/3)*%i-8*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))*new_maw_var^5
+(216*2^(1/3)*%i-72*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^4
+(810*2^(1/3)*%i-270*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^3
+(4374*2^(1/3)*%i-1458*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var^2
+(4374*2^(1/3)*%i-1458*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))
*new_maw_var+19683*2^(1/3)*%i
-6561*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3))
+new_maw_var^(1/3)*sqrt(4*new_maw_var^2+27)
*((6*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
-6*2^(1/3))
*new_maw_var^4
+(54*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
-54*2^(1/3))
*new_maw_var^3
+(324*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
-324*2^(1/3))
*new_maw_var^2
+(486*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
-486*2^(1/3))
*new_maw_var
+2187*2^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*%i
-2187*2^(1/3)))
+sqrt(4*new_maw_var^2+27)
*(288*new_maw_var^4+5832*new_maw_var^2+26244)
+1944*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^4
+23328*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^2+78732*sqrt(3))
/(96*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^7+sqrt(4*new_maw_var^2+27)
*(864*new_maw_var^5+17496*new_maw_var^3
+78732*new_maw_var)
+5832*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^5
+69984*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var^3
+236196*sqrt(3)*new_maw_var)
FOUND: power of x (exponent 3 ) in function (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
MAW comment: Trying x^3 = new_maw_var in integral of (x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)
changevar2: using plain changevar
result after substitution: (2*new_maw_var^(2/3)+(-sqrt(3)*%i-1)*new_maw_var^(1/3)+sqrt(3)*%i-1)
/(6*new_maw_var^(5/3)+(3*sqrt(3)*%i-3)*new_maw_var)
false []
(%o13) false
(%i14) test_ostrogradski_method(rootscontract((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x)))
(%o14) false
(%i15) testrlfxthru((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
(%o15) false
(%i16) load(ntrig)
(%o16) ?\/usr\/share\/maxima\/5\.13\.0\/share\/trigonometry\/ntrig\.mac
(%i17) testpartfrac((x^2+x+1)/(x^3+x))
#### testpartfrac
(%o17) "testpartfrac"